♦ REGISTRY: 15 RECORDS   ♦ FAILURES DOCUMENTED: 5   ♦ RUBRIC v1.0   ♦ LAST VERIFICATION 2026-08-16

Environmental action, graded on what it actually did.

C4P-CIR-0001 · ZURICH, CHZURICHC4P-CIR-0002 · CHICAGO, USCHICAGOC4P-CIR-0003 · SAN FRANCISCO, USC4P-CIR-0004 · DELTONA, USDELTONAC4P-CST-0001 · MANILA, PHC4P-CST-0002 · SRI LANKA, LKC4P-CST-0003 · UNITED STATES, USUNITED STATESC4P-CST-0004 · IRONTON, USIRONTONC4P-URB-0001 · MEDELLIN, COMEDELLINC4P-URB-0002 · AHMEDABAD, INC4P-URB-0003 · LOS ANGELES, USLOS ANGELESC4P-URB-0004 · NEW YORK, USNEW YORKC4P-WTR-0001 · INDONESIA, IDC4P-WTR-0002 · ARCATA, USC4P-WTR-0003 · ORANGE, AU
TRACKING 15 INTERVENTIONS · CH · US · PH · LK · CO · IN · ID · AU

DRAG TO ROTATE

01

Registry state

LAST VERIFIED 2026-08-16

COVERAGE BY CLASS

URB4CST4WTR3CIR4

NEXT REVIEW DUE

VERIFIED 2026-08-07REVIEW DUE 2027-02-07

One in three records is a documented failure. That ratio is the point of the registry, not an embarrassment in it.

132 days of verification window remaining. Next review due 2027-02-07.

02

The ledger

15 RECORDS

Every intervention on file, deployed and graded.

●C4P-CIR-0001CIRCULARRecycled concrete procurement for public buildings, City of ZurichCfbT1E32026-08-13

Recycled concrete procurement for public buildings, City of Zurich: minimum-content specification since 2005 with published uptake

Zurich has specified recycled concrete for its public buildings since 2005, at the same price or slightly cheaper than conventional concrete. By 2019 about 90 percent of the concrete in its public buildings was recycled concrete, and the specification had followed demand into the private market.

Share of concrete used in city public buildings that is recycled concrete
90 % of concrete, approximate, containing up to 50% recycled aggregates
Virgin materials and landfill space spared by recycled concrete in buildings
17000 m3, approximate, cumulative

PRIMARY SOURCE Recycled Concrete and Low-Carbon Cement (Success Stories, Switzerland, Buildings and Industry), doc. 282/03-DO-2022/EN Agora Energy Transition (Agora Energiewende)

TRANSFER T1
10 of 12. Requires a dense local demolition-waste stream, with the material available within about 25 km of the construction site, the stated energy break-even radius; CEM III/B is constrained for pumped concrete and low-temperature exposed work [1][2].
EVIDENCE E3
All headline outcomes are operator measurements with underlying data published.
COST BASIS
not published
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the sources.
Open record
◐C4P-CIR-0002CIRCULARMunicipal curbside materials recovery (Blue Cart program), Chicago, United StatesDfaT1E32026-08-13

Municipal curbside materials recovery (Blue Cart program), Chicago, United States: household diversion stalled near 9 percent across two contract generations

The shortfall is a compound of contract design, participation and governance, each documented separately.

Average share of collected household material diverted from landfill
9 % (average, 2015-2020)
Household waste diversion rate
9.4 %

PRIMARY SOURCE As tons of Chicago recycling go to dumps, a private firm is paid twice Better Government Association

TRANSFER T1
11 of 12. Cart collection with MRF processing has no climate dependency; binding constraints are truck access and processing capacity within haul distance, present in most cities [9].
EVIDENCE E3
Multiple measurement campaigns exist, but the headline outcome, the household diversion rate, is recorded by the operator: DSS and its contractors weigh and report the tonnages, the city publishes monthly totals and annual rates, and the 2021 Waste Strategy compiled them [4][7].
COST BASIS
not published
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the city's own documents.
Open record
◐C4P-CIR-0003CIRCULARMandatory three-stream source separation (Ordinance 100-09), San FranciscoCsbT2E32026-08-16

Mandatory three-stream source separation (Ordinance 100-09), San Francisco: the 80 percent diversion headline and the measures that replaced it

The failure here is not of the mandate but of the outcome trajectory and of the measurement that reported it, and the record is graded degraded on that basis.

Landfill diversion rate announced by the City
80 % of all materials discarded in the city, through source reduction, reuse, recycling and composting
Diversion rate recomputed after removing inert construction fill and biosolids from the diverted tonnage
60 % of residential and commercial discards kept out of landfill, recomputed by the author INDEPENDENT

PRIMARY SOURCE C40 Towards Zero Waste Accelerator C40 Cities

TRANSFER T2
9 of 12. The obligation is to separate materials and applies to every dwelling, commercial property, food vendor and permitted event regardless of climate or geography; nothing in the ordinance depends on site conditions [1].
EVIDENCE E3
The headline outcomes are how much material San Francisco landfills and what share it recovers, and every measurement campaign found rests on tonnage reported by the operator or its franchised collector, with the underlying data published in depth.
COST BASIS
not published
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the sources.
Open record
○C4P-CIR-0004CIRCULARMunicipal curbside recycling collection (City of Deltona), FloridaCfaT2E42026-08-16

Municipal curbside recycling collection (City of Deltona), Florida: suspended after the 2018 China National Sword price collapse and not restored

The mechanism was commodity price, and the delivery mechanism that made the program cheap to run is also what made it cheap to cancel.

Weekly residential kerbside recycling collections provided by the city
0 collections per week since February 1, 2019
Recycling drop-off sites inside the city limits when kerbside collection ended
0 sites inside the city limits, against 15 recycling drop-off sites operated across Volusia County at the same date, none of them within Deltona INDEPENDENT

PRIMARY SOURCE Florida DEP County Reports, County Overview Report: Volusia County, 2018 Florida Department of Environmental Protection

TRANSFER T2
9 of 12. Kerbside collection of household recyclables carries no climate or geographic constraint; the binding constraint in this case was access to a processor and an end market, scored under funding repeatability rather than here [7][8].
EVIDENCE E4
The record's headline outcomes are the fiscal saving claimed for the discontinuation and the diversion lost by it, and neither has a measurement campaign attached to Deltona.
COST BASIS
not published
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated positions, from the sources.
Open record
◐C4P-CST-0001COASTALManila Baywalk dolomite beach nourishment, Manila Bay Rehabilitation Program, PhilippinesAwT3E42026-08-07

Manila Baywalk dolomite beach nourishment, Manila Bay Rehabilitation Program, Philippines

No measured outcome of this intervention exists in any source.

No measured outcome exists in any source. Absence of measurement is a finding, not a gap.

PRIMARY SOURCE House Resolution No. 56: urging an inquiry into the necessity, cost, and environmental impact of the Manila Bay Rehabilitation Program, particularly the Manila Baywalk Dolomite Beach House of Representatives of the Philippines, 20th Congress

TRANSFER T3
7 of 12. Beach nourishment viability depends on wave climate and storm exposure; here typhoon washout forced replenishment, and scientists noted nourishment suits severely eroding coasts, which this seawalled frontage was not [1][3].
EVIDENCE E4
The outcomes array is empty because no measured outcome of this intervention exists in any source; the E4 grade records that the only outcome statements available are operator claims.
COST BASIS
PHP 389M (2020)
Open record
○C4P-CST-0002COASTALPost-tsunami mangrove planting, Sri LankaAf/Am/AwT4E22026-08-13

Post-tsunami mangrove planting, Sri Lanka: zero survival at 54% of planting attempts nationwide

The failure is technical: planted seedlings died of siting and species selection errors, compounded by absent aftercare.

Planting attempts with no surviving plants
36 of 67 planting attempts (54%) INDEPENDENT
Project sites with no surviving plants despite repeated attempts
9 of 23 project sites (40%) INDEPENDENT

PRIMARY SOURCE Have mangrove restoration projects worked? An in-depth study in Sri Lanka Restoration Ecology, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 705-716 (doi:10.1111/rec.12492), Society for Ecological Restoration

TRANSFER T4
3 of 12. Establishment is confined to a narrow intertidal window of inundation, salinity and soil, and less than one third of the Sri Lankan coastline can host mangroves at all; most failures trace to planting outside that window [1].
EVIDENCE E2
A single independent measurement campaign with explicit baselines and no control.
COST BASIS
USD 13M (2009)
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the evaluation and later enacted in part by the Government of Sri Lanka.
Open record
●C4P-CST-0003COASTALSeed-based eelgrass restoration in the Virginia coastal bays, United StatesCfaT2E32026-08-16

Seed-based eelgrass restoration in the Virginia coastal bays, United States: 213 hectares seeded, 3,612 hectares mapped in 2018

Virginia's seaside lagoons lost all of their eelgrass in 1933 and had none for over 70 years. Between 1999 and 2018, 74.5 million seeds were broadcast into 536 plots covering 213 hectares, and 3,612 hectares of eelgrass were mapped across the four bays in 2018, with the seeded plots accounting for 6 percent of that area.

Eelgrass mapped across the four seeded bays
3612 hectares (against 213 ha seeded in 536 plots with 74.5 million seeds)
Share of the restored area that was actually seeded
6 % of total restored area; the remainder arrived by natural expansion from the seeded plots

PRIMARY SOURCE Record-Breaking Eelgrass Restoration in Virginia's Eastern Shore NOAA Office for Coastal Management

TRANSFER T2
8 of 12. Needs a shallow, enclosed lagoon (0.8 to 1.6 m below mean sea level, 1.2 m tidal range) where broadcast seed stays put, and a system whose binding constraint is seed supply rather than water quality; eelgrass declined over the same period in the adjoining Chesapeake Bay and in Maryland's coastal bays under nutrients, sediment and warming [1][2].
EVIDENCE E3
Measurement is peer-reviewed and published in depth, but it is not independent of the operator.
COST BASIS
not published
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the sources.
Open record
○C4P-CST-0004COASTALMid-Barataria Sediment Diversion, LouisianaCfaT5E42026-08-16

Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion, Louisiana: a USD 2.92 billion estuarine wetland restoration terminated during construction by state decision

Five mechanisms are documented, and they compound.

Authorized natural resource damage assessment budget after termination, reflecting funds already disbursed and closure costs
618520000 USD, reduced from USD 2,260,000,000 authorized on February 1, 2023

PRIMARY SOURCE Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion, Final Phase II Restoration Plan #3.2, Louisiana Restoration Area (fact sheet) Louisiana Trustee Implementation Group, Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration, published by NOAA

TRANSFER T5
0 of 12. Works only where a large sediment-carrying river runs beside a subsiding basin: the intake is at Mississippi River Mile 60.7 and the gates were to open only above 450,000 cubic feet per second of river flow [3][13].
EVIDENCE E4
The record's headline outcome is wetland area built, and there is no measurement of it of any kind, because the diversion never conveyed water.
COST BASIS
USD 2920M (2023)
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated by the parties themselves.
Open record
●C4P-URB-0001URBAN HEATMedellin Green CorridorsAfT2E32026-08-07

Medellin Green Corridors: conversion of 30 road and stream corridors to multi-layer urban vegetation, 2016 to present

Medellin turned 30 roads and streams into green corridors. The city measured cooler streets, and the program outlived an administration that cut its maintenance.

average air temperature at Green Corridor locations
31.6 to 27.1 degrees C
average surface temperature at Green Corridor locations
40.5 to 30.2 degrees C

PRIMARY SOURCE Creating a greener, cooler and healthier Medellin (Story of Success) Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) / Cool Coalition

TRANSFER T2
9 of 12. Street and stream corridor greening is applicable across most urban contexts; Medellin's year-round humid growing climate lowered irrigation cost, so arid cities should expect higher water and establishment costs and smaller deltas.
EVIDENCE E3
All temperature outcomes are city-government before/after measurements at intervention sites with no control sites and no published measurement protocol; they were republished by SEforALL, Ashden, C40 and UNEP without independent re-measurement, and secondary restatements disagree (27.
COST BASIS
USD 16.3M (2016)
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Sourced to interviews with current officials in independent press: Infrastructure Secretary Jaime Andres Naranjo states the corridors require four maintenance cycles per year and that reducing this to one per year during 2020-2023 caused the degradation the city then had to reverse [4].
Open record
●C4P-URB-0002URBAN HEATCity heat action plan with early warning, health-system preparation and cool roofs (Ahmedabad, India)BShT1E22026-08-13

City heat action plan with early warning, health-system preparation and cool roofs (Ahmedabad, India): estimated 1,190 avoided deaths per year in the first evaluated seasons

Ahmedabad wrote South Asia's first city heat action plan after a 2010 heat wave was followed by 1,344 excess deaths in a single month. A peer-reviewed evaluation estimated 1,190 fewer deaths per year in its first two full seasons, and the model has since been carried to 23 of India's 28 states.

Estimated all-cause deaths avoided in the post-plan period (2014-2015 combined)
2380 deaths (95% CI 324-4,435) INDEPENDENT
Estimated average annualized deaths avoided post-plan
1190 deaths per year (95% CI 162-2,218) INDEPENDENT

PRIMARY SOURCE Building Resilience to Climate Change: Pilot Evaluation of the Impact of India's First Heat Action Plan on All-Cause Mortality Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. 2018, article 7973519 (doi:10.1155/2018/7973519)

TRANSFER T1
10 of 12. Forecast-based warning plus preparedness applies wherever a heat-mortality burden and a forecast service exist; the model spread to over 17 Indian cities and 6 states by 2017 [6] and NDMA was working with 23 of 28 states by 2022 [8], though alert thresholds must be recalibrated locally [1][4].
EVIDENCE E2
The headline outcome (avoided all-cause mortality) rests on the 2018 peer-reviewed pre-post evaluation: an explicit 2007-2010 baseline, a modelled counterfactual applying the baseline temperature-mortality response to post-plan temperatures, external funding (NIH, CDKN), and published confidence intervals [1].
COST BASIS
not published
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the sources themselves.
Open record
○C4P-URB-0003URBAN HEATMillion Trees LA canopy initiative, United StatesCsaT3E22026-08-13

Million Trees LA canopy initiative, United States: a one-million-tree pledge ended at the 2013 mayoral transition with a reported 407,000 planted

The failure is political and institutional; the horticulture largely worked, with establishment survival comparable to or better than plantings in New York, San Francisco and Sacramento [3][4].

Trees planted through program channels 2006-2010 (street 61.5%, residential 24.9%, park 13.6%)
91786 trees
Cumulative trees reported planted by all parties (public agencies, nonprofits, schools, residents) since inception
407000 trees (approximate, program-reported)

PRIMARY SOURCE Implementing Municipal Tree Planting: Los Angeles Million-Tree Initiative Environmental Management, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 227-238

TRANSFER T3
5 of 12. Urban tree planting transfers broadly, but in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate species choice and irrigation dominate: measured water loss varies roughly tenfold across common species, as high as 1 to 2 mm per day versus as low as 0.1 to 0.2, and a high-water-use urban forest could claim up to about 62% of municipal water use [2].
EVIDENCE E2
Multiple independent measurement campaigns exist, with explicit baselines but no control or counterfactual.
COST BASIS
not published
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the research itself.
Open record
●C4P-URB-0004URBAN HEATWhite reflective roof coating at municipal scale (NYC CoolRoofs), New York CityCfaT1E42026-08-16

White reflective roof coating at municipal scale (NYC CoolRoofs), New York City: delivery since 2009, and the albedo the coating does not hold

Cumulative rooftop area coated since September 2009 (operator milestone)
>10,000,000 square feet, reported as over 10 million; over 1 million square feet of the total is city-funded NYCHA roof replacement rather than program coating
Cumulative rooftop area coated since 2009 (most recent figure found)
>12,000,000 square feet, reported as over 12 million; for scale, total NYC rooftop area is given in the same article as 1.6 billion square feet

PRIMARY SOURCE Bright is the new black: multi-year performance of high-albedo roofs in an urban climate Environmental Research Letters, volume 7, article 014029 (doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014029)

TRANSFER T1
10 of 12. Benefit scales with the cooling season and the program will only coat flat low-slope roofs of asphalt, bitumen, modified bitumen or granulated cap sheet in good condition [4]; the 2017 city strategy states cool roofs have negligible impact on winter heating costs [3], and no fetched source quantifies a winter heating penalty in New York.
EVIDENCE E4
Measurement campaigns found: (a) instrumented rooftop monitoring of three white roofs in Queens, two against adjacent black membranes and one against an exposed black geotextile cloth, using paired infrared radiometers, back-to-back pyranometers and contact thermocouples, from October 2008 at one site and reported for summer 2011 at all three, peer-reviewed in Environmental Research Letters [5]; (b) a retrospective satellite study of block-average roof reflectivity across 18,565 New York City census blocks at two-year intervals from 2014 to 2020, peer-reviewed in Frontiers in Sustainable Cities [6]; (c) the program's own cumulative square-footage tallies, published only as milestone totals in press releases, a city strategy document, a city network case study and a news report [1][2][3][7][8].
COST BASIS
not published
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the sources.
Open record
○C4P-WTR-0001WATERCommunity-managed decentralized wastewater treatment (SANIMAS), IndonesiaAf/Am/AwT3E22026-08-07

Community-managed decentralized wastewater treatment (SANIMAS), Indonesia: post-handover disuse at national scale

The dominant failure mechanism is institutional and social, not treatment technology.

Sites rated poor overall performance (IsDB 2014-2019 cohort)
51 % of surveyed sites INDEPENDENT
Sites with one or more serious management problems (37% no O&M income, 20% no operator, 7% abandoned before completion, 3% major physical damage)
48 % of surveyed sites INDEPENDENT

PRIMARY SOURCE Review of Community-Managed Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems in Indonesia (WSP Technical Paper) Water and Sanitation Program, World Bank (study funded by AusAID)

TRANSFER T3
6 of 12. Passive anaerobic treatment depends on warm ambient temperatures and dense settlements with gravity drainage; broadly applicable across tropical cities, constrained in cold climates and low-density areas [1].
EVIDENCE E2
Multiple independent measurement campaigns exist with explicit baselines but no control or counterfactual.
COST BASIS
USD 941.6M (2021)
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the reviews themselves.
Open record
●C4P-WTR-0002WATERMunicipal wastewater treatment through oxidation ponds and constructed wetlands (Arcata Marsh), CaliforniaCsbT2E32026-08-13

Municipal wastewater treatment through oxidation ponds and constructed wetlands (Arcata Marsh), California: four decades of operation at council scale

Arcata has treated its own wastewater through oxidation ponds and constructed wetlands since 1986, built for US$5.3 million in 1985 dollars against a US$10 million projected share of the regional plant it declined to join. The finishing marshes are a public wildlife sanctuary, and the council re-chose the natural system in its 2017-2019 upgrade decision, backing it with a US$67 million renewal.

Long-term average effluent BOD after treatment wetlands
28 mg/L (raw influent 174, oxidation pond effluent 53)
Long-term average effluent after enhancement marshes
3.3 mg/L BOD (TSS 3 mg/L)

PRIMARY SOURCE Manual: Constructed Wetlands Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters (EPA/625/R-99/010), section 8.1.1 Arcata, California US Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati

TRANSFER T2
8 of 12. Needs tens of acres of low-cost land per few mgd (7.5 acres of treatment wetlands, about 31 acres of enhancement marshes and two ponds of 22.4 and 17.3 acres for a 2.3 mgd design flow); clay soils and gravity flow were documented site advantages [1][3].
EVIDENCE E3
The headline outcomes are effluent quality and compliance, and every measurement campaign found rests on operator or designer data, published in depth.
COST BASIS
USD 5.3M (1985)
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the sources.
Open record
●C4P-WTR-0003WATERUrban stormwater harvested into a drinking water dam (Blackmans Swamp Creek and Ploughmans Creek), Orange, New South WalesCfbT3E32026-08-16

Urban stormwater harvested into a drinking water dam (Blackmans Swamp Creek and Ploughmans Creek), Orange, New South Wales: council-scale operation since 2009 under contested licences

Orange sends its own street runoff into the dam that supplies its drinking water, through a first stage on Blackmans Swamp Creek that cost $5 million and opened in August 2009. Between November 2017 and June 2020 it took 987 megalitres from Blackmans Swamp Creek, 12 per cent of the creek's flow over those days, and the council and the NSW Government now put its secure yield at about 900 megalitres a year, roughly a fifth of the city's water.

Stormwater extracted from Blackmans Swamp Creek since harvesting re-commenced
987 ML over 948 days, being 12% of the 8,300 ML total creek flow over the same period
Additional days of environmental flow release into Summer Hill Creek, attributed jointly to the stormwater harvesting schemes and the Macquarie River to Orange pipeline
128 days (224 days with no environmental flow release with the harvesting schemes operating, against 352 days reconstructed without them)

PRIMARY SOURCE Blackmans Swamp Creek Stormwater Harvesting: Review of Environmental Factors Prepared for Orange City Council

TRANSFER T3
6 of 12. Needs an urban catchment with reliable runoff, about 53 harvestable events a year, and a harvest point within roughly 1 km of an existing supply storage with an existing pipeline and a high level treatment plant already downstream; broadly applicable in temperate cities, constrained by that geometry [6].
EVIDENCE E3
The record's headline outcomes are the volume harvested and the hydrological effect on the creek, and for both the measurement rests on the operator and its consultants, with the underlying data and analysis published.
COST BASIS
AUD 5M
OPERATORS WOULD CHANGE
Stated in the sources themselves.
Open record

Every row opens. Grades are citable and each carries the reasoning that earned it.

03

How it fails

5 DOCUMENTED

A record of only successes is marketing. Failure records carry the same rubric as successes, and the climate zone a method failed in is usually the more expensive lesson.

Technical

The method was wrong for the place.

The failure is technical: planted seedlings died of siting and species selection errors, compounded by absent aftercare.

C4P-CST-0002T4E2Af/Am/AwPost-tsunami mangrove planting, Sri Lanka ▸
04

Method

RUBRIC v1.0

Grades are citable. T1-T5 transferability across six axes. E1-E4 evidence.

T · Transferability, six axes scored 0 to 2

Capital intensity
0 Within routine municipal budget1 Needs a capital program2 Needs national or major donor funding
Governance dependency
0 Existing powers suffice1 Needs policy change2 Needs new legislation or unusual authority
Environmental specificity
0 Broadly applicable1 Constrained by climate or geography2 Highly site-specific
Skills and maintenance
0 Existing staff can operate1 Needs training or a specialist2 Needs ongoing external expertise
Funding repeatability
0 Recurrent, self-funding, or budgeted1 Repeatable grant2 One-off or philanthropic
Political durability
0 Survived a change of administration1 Untested through transition2 Ended at transition
  • T110 to 12Widely transferable
  • T28 to 9Transferable with modest preconditions
  • T35 to 7Transferable to similar contexts only
  • T43 to 4Substantially constrained
  • T50 to 2Effectively site-specific

E · Evidence, graded on measurement only

  • E1Independent measurement, peer-reviewed or audited, with baseline and control or counterfactual
  • E2Independent measurement with baseline, no control
  • E3Operator-reported measurement, underlying data published
  • E4Operator claim only, no underlying data available

change4planet is a working record of environmental interventions that have actually been deployed: what they cost, what they achieved, what went wrong, and where else they could work.

Records are working documents. Check the verification date before citing.